Speleogenesis and Evolution of karst aquifers

Klimchouk, A., Ford, D., Palmer, A. & Dreybrodt, W., Editors

Prepared by the UIS KHS Commission

Published by the National Speleological Society, Inc.

Book | Contents | Introduction | Ordering Information

1. INTRODUCTION

2. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

2.1. VIEWS ON CAVE FORMATION BEFORE 1900 (Shaw)

2.2. DEVELOPMENT OF SPELEOGENETIC IDEAS IN THE 20 CENTURY: THE EARLY MODERN APPROACH (Lowe)

2.3. DEVELOPMENT OF SPELEOGENETIC IDEAS IN THE 20 CENTURY: THE MODERN PERIOD: SINCE 1957 UNTIL PRESENT (White)

3. GEOLOGIC AND HYDROGEOLOGIC CONTROLS OF SPELEOGENIC DEVELOPMENT

3.1. TYPES OF KARST AND EVOLUTION OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL SETTINGS (Klimchouk & Ford)

3.2. LITHOLOGICAL AND STRUCTURAL CONTROLS OF DISSOLUTIONAL CAVE DEVELOPMENT (Klimchouk & Ford)

3.3. ROLE OF STRATIGRAPHIC ELEMENTS IN SPELEOGENESIS: "SPELEO-INCEPTION" CONCEPT (Lowe)

3.4. HYDROGEOLOGIC CONTROL OF CAVE PATTERNS (Palmer)

3.5. FORMATION OF EPIKARST AND ITS ROLE IN VADOSE SPELEOGENESIS (Klimchouk)

3.6. ROLE OF CONDENSATION IN KARST HYDROGEOLOGY AND SPELEOGENESIS (V.Dublyansky & Y.Dublyansky)

3.7. PALEOKARST AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR SPELEOGENESIS (Osborne)

4. THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF SPELEOGENETIC PROCESSES

4.0. IMPLICATIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL AMD MODELING RESULTS IN PELEOGENETIC STUDIES (Dreybrodt)

4.1. CHEMISTRY OF SPELEOGENETIC PROCESSES

  4.1.1. Equilibrium chemistry of karst water in limestone terranes (Dreybrodt)

  4.1.2. Limestone dissolution rates in karst environments (Dreybrod & Eisenlohr)

  4.1.3. Dissolution of limestone from field observations (W.White)

  4.1.4. Calcite dissolution by sulfuric acid (Bottrell, Gunn & Lowe)

  4.1.5. Dissolution of carbonates by geothermal waters (Y.Dubljansky)

  4.1.6. Dissolution and conversions of gypsum and anhydrite (Klimchouk)

  4.1.7. Dissolution of salt (Frumkin)

  4.1.8. Dissolution of quartz and silicate minerals (Martini)

4.2. MODELING OF INITIATION AND PROPAGATION OF SINGLE CONDUITS AND NETWORKS

  4.2.1. Hardware and software modeling of initial conduit development in karst rocks (Ford, Ewers & Lauritzen)

  4.2.2. Dynamics of the evolution of single karst conduit (Dreybrodt & Gabrovsek)

  4.2.3. Digital modeling of individual solution conduits (Palmer)

  4.2.4. Cave evolution on two-dimensional networks of primary fractures in limestone (Dreybrodt & Siemers)

  4.2.5. Modelling karst aquifer genesis using a coupled continuum-pipe flow model (Sauter & Liedl)

  4.2.6. Influence of fracture roughness on karstification times (Dreybrodt & Gabrovsek)

5. DEVELOPMENT OF CAVITIES AND CAVE SYSTEMS IN VARIOUS SETTINGS

5.1. SPELEOGENESIS IN COASTAL AND OCEANIC SETTINGS (Mylroie & Carew)

  5.1.1. Syngenetic karst in coastal dune limestones: a review (S.White)

  5.1.2. Speleogenesis on tectonically active carbonate islands (Gunn & Lowe)

5.2. SPELEOGENESIS UNDER DEEP-SEATED AND CONFINED SETTINGS (Klimchouk)

  5.2.1. Speleogenesis of great gypsum mazes in the Western Ukraine (Klimchouk)

  5.2.2. Speleogenesis of the Black Hills maze caves, South Dakota, USA (A.Palmer & P.Palmer)

  5.2.3. Speleogenesis of the Botovskaya Cave, Eastern Siberia, Russia (Filippov)

  5.2.4. Karstification associated with groundwater circulation through the Redwall artesian aquifer, Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA (Huntoon)

  5.2.5. Hydrothermal speleogenesis: its settings and peculiar features (Yu.Dubljansky)

  5.2.6. Hydrothermal speleogenesis in the Hungarian Karst (Yu.Dubljansky)

  5.2.7. Some case studies of speleogenesis by sulfuric acid (Lowe, Bottrell & Gunn)

  5.2.8. Sulfuric acid, hypogene karst in the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and West Texas, USA (Hill).

  5.2.9. A giant hydrothermal cavity in the Rhodope Mountains (V.Dubljansky)

5.3. SPELEOGENESIS UNDER UNCONFINED SETTINGS (Ford)

  5.3.1. Deep phreatic caves and groundwater systems of the Sierra de El Abra, Mexico (Ford)

  5.3.2. Speleogenesis of Castlguard Cave, Rocky Mountains, Alberta, Canada (Ford, Lauritzen & Worthington)

  5.3.3. Genesis of a large cave system: the case study of the North of Lake Thun system (canton Bern, Switzerland) (Jeannin, Bitterli & Hauselmann)

  5.3.4. Plio-Quaternary karst development in the French Prealps: speleogenesis and significance of cave fills (Audra)

  5.3.5. Speleogenesis in the Picos de Europa massif, Northern Spain (Fernandez-Gibert, Calaforra & Rossi)

  5.3.6. Speleogenesis of Sistema Cheve, Oaxaca, Mexico (Hose)

  5.3.7. Cave development in Burnsville Cove, Virginia, USA (W.White)

  5.3.8. Speleogenesis of the Mammoth Cave system, Kentucky, USA (Palmer)

  5.3.9. Speleogenesis of vertical shafts in the eastern United States (W.White)

  5.3.10. Cave development in vadose settings in a multilayer aquifer, the Sorbas Karst (Almeria, Spain) (Calaforra & Pulido-Bosch)

  5.3.11. Maze origin by diffuse recharge through overlying formations (Palmer)

  5.3.12. Caves at Caves Branch, Belize, and the Baradla-Domica system, Hungary and Slovakia (Ford)

  5.3.13. Speleogenesis in the Lubljanica river drainage basin (Šušterš ic)

6. MESO- AND MICROMORPHOLOGY OF CAVES

6.1. SOLUTIONAL AND EROSIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF CAVES (Lauritzen & Lundberg)

6.2. BREAKDOWN MORPHOLOGY (E.White & W.White)

7. SPELEOGENESIS IN NON-CARBONATE LITHOLOGIES

7.1. SPELEOGENESIS IN GYPSUM (Klimchouk)

7.2. SPELEOGENESIS IN SALTS, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE Monte Sedom area, Israel (Frumkin)

7.3. SPELEOGENESIS IN QUARTZITES

  7.3.1. Speleogenesis in quartzites from Southeastern Minas Gerais, Brasil (Correa Neto)

  7.3.2. Quartzite caves in Southern Africa (Martini)

8. SOME IMPLICATIONS OF SPELEOGENETIC STUDIES

8.1. POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY ENHANCEMENT IN UNCONFINED CARBONATE AQUIFERS AS A RESULT OF SOLUTION ( Worthington, Ford & Beddows )

8.2. THE ROLE OF SPELEOGENESIS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROCARBON AND MINERAL DEPOSITS (Lowe)

8.3. WATER AND LAND-USE PROBLEMS IN AREAS OF CONDUIT AQUIFERS (Aley)

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