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Abstract:
Conceptually, the karst of carbonate islands can be modeled as the result of eogenetic diagenesis, freshwater/ saltwater mixing, and glacioeustasyThe resulting eogenetic karst occurs in small, youthful limestone islands where the evolution of the karst is concurrent with meteoric diagenesis of the host rock, which has never been out of the active circulation of meteoric waterThe rearrangement of the material of high porosity / low permeability sediments into moderate porosity / high permeability rock feeds back to the nature of the diagenetic environment as the flow volume of the lens is reduced by increasing flow efficiencyLimestone islands are a constrained and simple environment, defined as carbonate islands (no noncarbonate rock) and composite islands (mixture of carbonate and non carbonate rock)Simple carbonate islands lack noncarbonate rocks within the active hydrological zone; carbonate-cover islands contain a noncarbonate contact that limits the freshwater lens and deflects vadose flowThe type of island greatly influences the subsequent karst hydrologyIncreasing island size appears to cross a threshold favoring conduit flowThe karst features resulting from these island types, combined with mixing geochemistry and glacioeustasy, differ from those in continental settings and require a unique conceptual approach to modeling