Dated co-occurrence of Homo erectus and Gigantopithecus from Tham Khuyen Cave, Vietnam, 1996,
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Ciochon R, Long Vt, Larick R, Gonzalez L, Grun R, Devos J, Yonge C, Taylor L, Yoshida H, Reagan M,

Tham Khuyen Cave (Lang Son Province, northern Vietnam) is one of the more significant sites to yield fossil vertebrates In east Asia, During the mid-1960s, excavation in a suite of deposits produced important hominoid dental remains of middle Pleistocene age, We undertake more rigorous analyses of these sediments to understand the fluvial dynamics of Pleistocene cave infilling as they determine how skeletal elements accumulate within Tham Khuyen and other east Asian sites, Uranium/thorium series analysis of speleothems brackets the Pleistocene chronology for breaching, infilling, and exhuming the regional paleokarst, Clast analysis indicates sedimentary constituents, Including hominoid teeth and cranial fragments, accumulated from very short distances and under low fluvial energy, Electron spin resonance analysis of vertebrate tooth enamel and sediments shows that the main fossil-bearing suite (S1-S3) was deposited about 475 thousand years ago, Among the hominoid teeth excavated from S1-S3, some represent Homo erectus and Gigantopithecus blacki, Criteria are defined to differentiate these teeth from more numerous Pongo pygmaeus elements, The dated cooccurrence of Homo erectus and Gigantopithecus blacki at Tham Khuyen helps to establish the long co-existence of these two species throughout east Asia during the Early and Middle Pleistocene

Dental morphology of the Dawenkou Neolithic population in North China: implications for the origin and distribution of Sinodonty, 2003,
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Manabe Y. , Oyamada J. , Kitagawa Y. , Rokutanda A. , Kato K. , Matsushita T. ,

We compare the incidence of 25 nonmetric dental traits of the people of the Neolithic Dawenkou culture (6300-4500 BP) sites in Shandong Province, North China with those of other East Asian populations. The Dawenkou teeth had an overwhelmingly greater resemblance to the Sinodont pattern typical of Northeast Asia than to the Sundadont pattern typical of Southeast Asia. Multidimensional scaling using Smith's mean measure of divergence (MMD) statistic place the Dawenkou sample near the Amur and the North China-Mongolia populations in the area of the plot indicating typical Sinodonty. The existence of the Sinodont population in Neolithic North China suggests a possible continuity of Sinodonty from the Upper Cave population at Zhoukoudian (about 34,000-10,000 BP) to the modern North Chinese. The presence of Sinodonty in Shandong Province shows that the Japan Sea and East China Sea were strong barriers to gene flow for at least 3000 years, because at this time the Jomonese of Japan were fully Sundadont. In addition, we suggest that the descendants of the Dawenkou population cannot be excluded as one of the source populations that contributed to sinodontification in Japan. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The unique Central Aldan gold-uranium ore district (Russia), 2004,
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Kazansky V. I. ,

In recent years, problems of the formation and distribution of ore deposits large and unique in their origin and scale have been discussed in publications and at international geological meetings. The aim of the present article is to show that not only individual deposits, but also ore districts may be unique. Such ore districts, for example, the Central Aldan gold-uranium ore district, contain deposits of various origins that belong to the same metallogenic epoch and were formed in similar geodynamic conditions. The Central Aldan gold-uranium ore district, with its resources of Au of 1000 t and U of 600000 t, is interpreted as a single unit. Its unique features are reflected at different levels: transregional, regional, and local. At the transregional level, its position is defined by the superposition of intense Mesozoic epicontinental tectonics, calc-alkaline-alkaline magmatism, and extensive hydrothermal ore mineralization on consolidated Early Precambrian structures of the Aldan Shield. In the Mesozoides of East Asia, Au and U deposits are located separately from each other except for in the Central Aldan district, where these deposits occur jointly and possess unique features. The interrelation between the Early Precambrian and the ore-bearing Mesozoic structures is clearly manifested in the Aldan Shield itself. The Central Aldan ore district is situated at the conjunction of the two largest megablocks, the Aldan-Timpton and Timpton-Uchur, which 2 Ga ago were transformed into a gneiss-granulite terrane. The Central Aldan district is confined to the periphery of a giant dome made up of Early Precambrian rocks of the Iengra complex. This district contains the largest and most varied subvolcanic caic-alkaline-alkaline intrusions. Finally, on the local scale, the Central Aldan magmatectonogen appears as the main ore-controlling factor. It consists of radial and ring faults cutting the crystalline basement and platform cover. It defines the distribution of Mesozoic magmatic rocks and various deposits in different radial blocks. The Central Aldan district contains three main types of ore deposits that form the following independent ore fields: the hydrothermal Au-U El'kon, the hydrothermal U Lebedinsk, and the polygenetic Au Kuranakh. The first and third deposits are unique not only in their scale, but in their origin as well. Deposits of the El'kon type are confined to rejuvenated faults of the crystalline basement and are characterized by exclusive extension of low-temperature Au-U mineralization. The third, Kuranakh type, in many respects enigmatic, is characterized by the presence of gold-bearing karst clays at the contact of platform limestones with Jurassic sandstones. The data presented in this article were accumulated during the 70-year history of the study and development of the Central Aldan district. Some deposits have been worked out and others preserved from operation due to different reasons. Many problems of the origin of ore deposits in the Central Aldan district have not yet been solved, and its total ore potential is far from being established